Surprising as it may sound, 107 years after the introduction of general relativity, the meanings of basic concepts are still being worked out. More than a century after Albert Einstein unveiled ...

Vortex light carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) characterized by exp(ilθ), where θ is the angular coordinate and l is the topological charge (TC) 1. OAM beams have been widely used in a variety of ...

This course introduces the quantum mechanical concept of angular momentum operator and its relationship with rotation operator. It then presents the angular momentum operators, their eigenvalues and ...