The majority of recent empirical papers in operations management (OM) employ observational data to investigate the causal effects of a treatment, such as program or policy adoption. However, as ...

In the article that accompanies this editorial, Lu et al 5 conducted a systematic review on the use of instrumental variable (IV) methods in oncology comparative effectiveness research. The main ...

Repeated measurements of the same countries, people, or groups over time are vital to many fields of political science. These measurements, sometimes called time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data, ...

We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...

Decades of research have established a significant link between physical activity and health, influencing agenda setting, policy making and community awareness.1–4 However, the field continues to ...

Despite the contributions of more than 700,000 men to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prostate cancer (PC) screening over several decades, it is still unclear whether there is a PC-specific ...