Varieties of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens infect their eukaryotic hosts by deploying the type III translocon to deliver effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells in which effectors ...

Understanding the flexibility of T cell memory can lead to improved vaccines and immunotherapies. Juan Gaertner/Science Photo Library via Getty Images How does your immune system decide between ...

This movie shows a single naive CD8 T cell. a type of white blood cell involved in immunity activating in response to stimulation through the T cell receptor, with a yellow fluorescent reporter ...

Plants use sophisticated molecular machinery to distinguish friend from foe, co-exist with other organisms and defend against pathogens. Similarly, plant pathogens have evolved intricate strategies to ...

Phytopathogens deploy secreted effector proteins that interfere with different host cellular pathways to suppress plant immunity and redirect nutrient flow. Conventional effectors are small ...

A historic potato plant specimen collected by David Moore from the National Botanic Garden in Glasnevin, Ireland showing late-blight disease. In an examination of the genetic material found in ...

The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri, which causes canker disease in citrus trees, activates selected parts of the fruit ...

Photo: Jeffrey B. Jones The dark spots on the leaves and fruit of the lemon tree are typical symptoms of citrus canker, which ...

Symbiotic and pathogenic fungi that interact with plants are distantly related and don't share many genetic similarities. Comparing plant pathogenic fungi and plant symbiotic fungi, scientists at the ...

During infection, reversible switch permits flexible formation of memory T cells, long-lived blood cells that can remember pathogen encounters and respond upon reinfection. Unexpected findings have ...

Kathleen Abadie was funded by a NSF (National Science Foundation) Graduate Research Fellowships. She performed this research in affiliation with the University of Washington Department of ...